Introduction to Linux
Contents
Basic commands for your research
Useful Linux commands
Some of the general tips for Linux commands
How to use grep, find , wc, and diff commands
How to extract and archive files
How to use other's Linux...when you do not have your own Linux system.
Troubleshootings
Useful Linux commands
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| ls |
| This represents "list" and shows
the files and directories in the current directory. |
|---|
| | -a | This displays all of the files and
directories in the directory even hidden files. |
|---|
| | -l | This displays all of the information
of each file in the directory, such as permission string, owner, group, size, and creation date. |
|---|
| | -t | This sorts by the time. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| rm |
| This simply deletes
indicated file(s), but does not delete any directory. |
|---|
| | -r | This option deletes entire directory
tree. (e.g. $ rm -r directoryname) |
|---|
| | -i | This option prevents from
accidental deletion of file by prompting a confirmation. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| cp |
| Copy a file in some directory or copy a file in some file in the same directory. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| mv |
| Moving files into other directory. Renaming the files. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| mkdir |
| This creates a directory. (e.g. $ mkdir newdir) |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| pwd |
| This shows complete path. No option and
file specification needed. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| rmdir |
| This command deletes directories specifically.
Thus, this does not delete normal files. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| head |
| Along with a file name, it displays
the first few lines of the text content. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| tail |
| Along with a file name, it displays
the last few lines of the text content. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| less |
| Along with a file name, it displays
the entire file in terminal. Use the up or down arrow to read the content. Type "q" or ":q" or "ZZ" to exit. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| free |
| This generates a current status
of memory use. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| top |
| This shows the current
CPU use. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| df |
| This displays the usage
of the drive. |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| cal |
| This displays the calendar of the
current month. |
|---|
| | -m | The option specify a month in the same year.
(e.g. $ cal -m 5) |
|---|
| | -y | The option specify a year.
(e.g. $ cal -y 1705) |
|---|
| | -d | The option specify a month and year.
(e.g. $ cal -d 2001-05) |
|---|
| Command | Option(s) | Description(s) |
|---|
| cat |
| This displays the specified text file(s). |
|---|
| | -b | It expresses the line numbers except empty lines. |
|---|
| | -n | It expresses the line numbers including empty lines. |
|---|
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